Serial Number Based Dating Guides for Vintage Ludwig Drums
Main Line Drums 1963-1984 & Standard Drums 1968-1973
A fresh look at vintage Ludwig drums, with an emphasis on understanding how to evaluate authenticity and estimate manufacturing dates. It is broken down into six parts: Part I - Current Guides, Part II - New Dating Guides for 1963-1984, Part III - Tracking Changes in Physical Characteristics, Part IV - Dating Guide for Ludwig Standards 1968-1973, Part V - Date Codes from 1971/72 Era, Part VI - Badges without Serial Numbers.
Released in December 2013, revised in April 2023. Now available from the author (email Rick@GretschDrumDatingGuide.com), Rebeats.com and Amazon for international orders.
Main Line Drums 1963-1984 & Standard Drums 1968-1973
A fresh look at vintage Ludwig drums, with an emphasis on understanding how to evaluate authenticity and estimate manufacturing dates. It is broken down into six parts: Part I - Current Guides, Part II - New Dating Guides for 1963-1984, Part III - Tracking Changes in Physical Characteristics, Part IV - Dating Guide for Ludwig Standards 1968-1973, Part V - Date Codes from 1971/72 Era, Part VI - Badges without Serial Numbers.
Released in December 2013, revised in April 2023. Now available from the author (email Rick@GretschDrumDatingGuide.com), Rebeats.com and Amazon for international orders.
Vintage Ludwig Serial Number Dating Guides
Ludwig drums have a distinct advantage over Gretsch when it comes to establishing a relationship between serial number and date. Many Ludwig drums, including main line (Keystone and Blue/Olive Badges) and Standards, have dates stamped inside their shells or on paper labels. In the 1999-2005 time frame, several guides were published which report known serial number and date stamp combinations and/or show the general relationship between serial number and date.* These addressed the Keystone badge drums of the 1960s and ventured only slightly into the Blue/Olive badges which replaced them in 1969. Most knowledgeable of Ludwig drums agree that someone armed with only a serial number cannot reliably pinpoint a date of manufacture of a Ludwig drum. Nonetheless, many people see the existing dating guides as if chiseled in stone. It appears that many people do not understand, or perhaps do not wish to understand, the limitations of these tools. Instead, they state with false authority, precision and accuracy that a particular drum was produced at a particular time "because the date guides say so." This phenomenon is seen frequently in online listings and in the opinions of some "vintage drum experts," who are often misapplying the same limited tools that are publicly available. It could just be inexact language which present estimates and approximations as if they are highly precise or an attempt to pump up the seller and make it appear that they are more of an expert than they really are in order to obtain a higher price for their drums. The inherent limitations of the existing dating guides and their frequent misuse by some in the vintage drum community inspires a fresh look into how to best date and authenticate Ludwig drums.
In January 2012, three projects were started - the first to improve upon the guides available for main line Ludwig drums from 1963-1972 and to produce a new guide for years 1972-1984; the second to create a guide for Ludwig Standards from the 1968-1973 era; and the third to decipher the meaning of the Date Codes which appeared in both main line and Standard drums in the 1971-72 time frame. The goal is to provide better tools to the vintage drum enthusiast interested in evaluating the age and authenticity of their drums. Opinion, speculation and opportunistic misinterpretation of the existing resources should be replaced with solid factual information collected from large numbers of vintage drums. The same approach used to confront the legend, lore and lies of vintage Gretsch drums is applied to vintage Ludwig drums.
In January 2012, three projects were started - the first to improve upon the guides available for main line Ludwig drums from 1963-1972 and to produce a new guide for years 1972-1984; the second to create a guide for Ludwig Standards from the 1968-1973 era; and the third to decipher the meaning of the Date Codes which appeared in both main line and Standard drums in the 1971-72 time frame. The goal is to provide better tools to the vintage drum enthusiast interested in evaluating the age and authenticity of their drums. Opinion, speculation and opportunistic misinterpretation of the existing resources should be replaced with solid factual information collected from large numbers of vintage drums. The same approach used to confront the legend, lore and lies of vintage Gretsch drums is applied to vintage Ludwig drums.
Ludwig Main Line Drums (Keystone & Blue/Olive Badges)
As of December 10, 2013, a database of 1,442 reliable reports of serial numbers and date stamps from the main line of Ludwig drums has been compiled. Fifty-eight have date stamps but badges without serial numbers and 120 additional drums have serial numbers and Date Codes. In total, information from more than 5,700 drums has been gathered to assist with analysis of trends and patterns that are serial number based and not date based. The database includes drums from the beginning of Ludwig's use of serial numbers on Keystone badges in late 1963 and continues through the Blue/Olive Badges to the large Keystone badges which began in around 1984. Information is collected from publically available internet resources, through monitoring of online auction listings, reports from vintage drum owners and physical inspection of vintage drums. Of particular note, vintage drum enthusiasts Mike Layton, Steve Black and Mike Machat contributed lists of serial numbers/date stamps that they had compiled to this project.
Part I of the paper reviews the previously published information designed to aid in date estimation. The construction of each is analyzed and strengths and limitations are identified. Part II presents two newly developed Dating Guides for main line drums: the first covers 1963-1972 when date stamps were actively used and the second covers 1972-1984 after date stamps are discontinued. Part III suggests approximate dates and serial number ranges for several changes in physical characteristics, including milestones like:
1. the change in the color felt on the baseball bat style tone controls from red to white;
2. the changes in the interior finish from white RESA-COTE paint to a clear lacquer and then to LUD-COTE or Granitone paint;
3. changes in the tone control style from Small Round Knob to Baseball Bat, then a short revival of the Small Round Knob, and finally to multiple versions of the Large Round Knob; and
4. changes in the badge styles from small Keystone to Blue/Olive parallelogram with pointy corners to the Blue/Olive parallelogram with rounded corners to the Large Keystone. A total of eight different badge styles (two small Keystone, four Blue/Olive parallelogram and two large Keystone) are documented.
Part III culminates in a detailed summary table that lists the serial number and date ranges when changes in physical characteristics occur. This table should provide a starting point for the authentication of vintage Ludwig drums made from 1963-1984. Always mindful that exceptions occur, this table should be just one of the tools that one uses.
Part I of the paper reviews the previously published information designed to aid in date estimation. The construction of each is analyzed and strengths and limitations are identified. Part II presents two newly developed Dating Guides for main line drums: the first covers 1963-1972 when date stamps were actively used and the second covers 1972-1984 after date stamps are discontinued. Part III suggests approximate dates and serial number ranges for several changes in physical characteristics, including milestones like:
1. the change in the color felt on the baseball bat style tone controls from red to white;
2. the changes in the interior finish from white RESA-COTE paint to a clear lacquer and then to LUD-COTE or Granitone paint;
3. changes in the tone control style from Small Round Knob to Baseball Bat, then a short revival of the Small Round Knob, and finally to multiple versions of the Large Round Knob; and
4. changes in the badge styles from small Keystone to Blue/Olive parallelogram with pointy corners to the Blue/Olive parallelogram with rounded corners to the Large Keystone. A total of eight different badge styles (two small Keystone, four Blue/Olive parallelogram and two large Keystone) are documented.
Part III culminates in a detailed summary table that lists the serial number and date ranges when changes in physical characteristics occur. This table should provide a starting point for the authentication of vintage Ludwig drums made from 1963-1984. Always mindful that exceptions occur, this table should be just one of the tools that one uses.
Ludwig Standard Drums
Part IV of the paper provides a dating guide and analysis of changing physical characteristics for Ludwig's second line Standard drums, 1968-1973. Many players seeking the vintage Ludwig sound find Standards to be affordable alternatives to the more expensive main line of Ludwig drums. Although Standards were marketed as second line drums, the wood shells were the same as used on the main line of drums. Different wraps, hardware and interior finishes were utilized to distinguish them from the "regular" Ludwigs. However, other than a warning on http://www.vintagedrumguide.com/serial_numbers.html that the Standards did not use the same serial numbers as the drums which received Keystone and Blue/Olive badges, little has been available regarding the serial number scheme employed on Ludwig Standards. This is likely in part because of relatively low interest due to their "budget" nature and relatively short period on production. Until now, dating of Ludwig Standards represented another gap in the information available to the vintage drum enthusiast.
As of December 10, 2013, 472 drums are recorded, with 75 reliable reports of drums with both serial numbers and date stamps, There are 20 drums with serial numbers and labels with date codes. Special thanks to collector Kevin Oppendike for sharing his knowledge of Ludwig Standards. More information has been gathered in the intervening years and will be used in the next edition of the book.
As of December 10, 2013, 472 drums are recorded, with 75 reliable reports of drums with both serial numbers and date stamps, There are 20 drums with serial numbers and labels with date codes. Special thanks to collector Kevin Oppendike for sharing his knowledge of Ludwig Standards. More information has been gathered in the intervening years and will be used in the next edition of the book.
Date Codes
Part V of the paper explores the mystery of Date Codes which appear on some paper labels inside both main line Blue/Olive badge drums and Standard Ludwig drums in the early 1970s. Not a lot was well understood about Date Codes when the guide was published in 2013. A more recent study of Ludwig's Use of paper labels in the 1971/1972 time frame delves deeper into the Date Code question. See the "Other Projects" tab for more information. It is listed as Project #5. This information will likely be merged into the guide when a new edition is written.
The following date codes have been recorded (listed in numerical order):
4272, 11472, 11717, 12717, 13727, 14717, 14720, 14727, 21720, 21727, 31720, 32372, 56717, 57717, 58717, 59717, 60717, 61717
If you can contribute information about Ludwig drums with serial numbers from this time period (1963 through 1984), or insight into the Date Code used on the paper labels, please send information to Rick@GretschDrumDatingGuide.com or go to Report Your Drums and provide your information using the Information Sheet for Ludwig drums.
Part VI dives deep into a study of Ludwig badges without serial numbers.
The following date codes have been recorded (listed in numerical order):
4272, 11472, 11717, 12717, 13727, 14717, 14720, 14727, 21720, 21727, 31720, 32372, 56717, 57717, 58717, 59717, 60717, 61717
If you can contribute information about Ludwig drums with serial numbers from this time period (1963 through 1984), or insight into the Date Code used on the paper labels, please send information to Rick@GretschDrumDatingGuide.com or go to Report Your Drums and provide your information using the Information Sheet for Ludwig drums.
Part VI dives deep into a study of Ludwig badges without serial numbers.
* These guides include:
1. Rob Cook (The Ludwig Book, Rebeats Publications, Alma, MI (2003), page 210, and available at the Ludwig Drum Company website - www.ludwig-drums.com/features/hoamld/serialnumbers.php).
2. Ned Ingberman ("How To Date 1960's Ludwig Drums By Serial Numbers," Sep/Oct 2002 DRUM! Magazine and available at Vintage Drum Center’s website: http://www.vintagedrum.com/ludwig_serials.htm).
3. John Aldridge ("Chaotic Creativity: Ludwig Drum Sets In The ’60s," July 2005 DRUM Magazine and available at http://www.drummagazine.com/gear/post/ludwig-drum-sets-in-the-60s/P1/).
4. Paolo Sburlati (Ludwig: Yesterday and Today, Paolo Sburlati Enterprises, Turin, Italy,1999).
5. LudwigDrummer.com's chart (duplicated at http://www.vintagedrumguide.com/ludwig_serials.htm before ludwigdrummer.com's demise. The original ludwigdrummer.com effort, which I believe dates to March 8, 2002, may be accessed via www.archive.org’s Wayback Machine).
6. Mike Machat, “Serial Number and Date List for Vintage Ludwig Drums (1963-1972),” self-published, 2002.
1. Rob Cook (The Ludwig Book, Rebeats Publications, Alma, MI (2003), page 210, and available at the Ludwig Drum Company website - www.ludwig-drums.com/features/hoamld/serialnumbers.php).
2. Ned Ingberman ("How To Date 1960's Ludwig Drums By Serial Numbers," Sep/Oct 2002 DRUM! Magazine and available at Vintage Drum Center’s website: http://www.vintagedrum.com/ludwig_serials.htm).
3. John Aldridge ("Chaotic Creativity: Ludwig Drum Sets In The ’60s," July 2005 DRUM Magazine and available at http://www.drummagazine.com/gear/post/ludwig-drum-sets-in-the-60s/P1/).
4. Paolo Sburlati (Ludwig: Yesterday and Today, Paolo Sburlati Enterprises, Turin, Italy,1999).
5. LudwigDrummer.com's chart (duplicated at http://www.vintagedrumguide.com/ludwig_serials.htm before ludwigdrummer.com's demise. The original ludwigdrummer.com effort, which I believe dates to March 8, 2002, may be accessed via www.archive.org’s Wayback Machine).
6. Mike Machat, “Serial Number and Date List for Vintage Ludwig Drums (1963-1972),” self-published, 2002.